Business Models of the Circular Economy

Abstract

This topic is dedicated to the analysis of modern business models shaped on the concept of the circular economy. Unlike the traditional "take–make–dispose" principle, it highlights approaches aimed at reusing resources, reducing waste, extending product life cycles, and ensuring economic sustainability. The essence and advantages of models that direct material and energy flows into closed loops in production and consumption processes—such as lease-based models, service-oriented models, and remanufacturing—are examined. Additionally, the ecological, economic, and social benefits of these approaches are analyzed.